Parametric Equations of Lines

Sarah K. Mason

An equation of a line can be written in several different forms. It can be written in y-intercept form, point-slope form, and parametric form. The first scenario that will be investigated in this write-up is how a parametric equation for a line can be determined when the slope of the line and a point on that line is given. Let's look at an example:

Write parametric equations of a line through (7,5) with slope of 3.

The Point-Slope form gives us an equation that reads y-5 = 3(x-7). If we set this equation equal to t, we get t = y-5 and t = 3x-21 which gives us y = t +5 and x = t/3 + 7. A graph of this equation is shown below.

 

If the point and slope of a line are known, parametric equation for this line can be determined. If the slope is given as m and a point (a, b) is given, the parametric equation can be given as:

x = (1/m) t + a and y = t + b

Another example of this generalization is given below:


The next step is to determine the Point-Slope or y-intercept form of the line given the parametric equation. We will start by graphing x = t + 1 and y = 2t -1, to get idea of what this equation looks like.

 

 

We can use algebra to solve for t on both sides of the equation, giving us t = x -1 and t = y/2 + 1/2. When we set these equal to each other, we get x -1 = y/2 + 1/2 or y = 2x-3 or y +1 = 2( x -1). Therefore, if the parametric equation is given as x = t + a and y = mt + b, then the Slope-Intercept equation is given by y -b = m ( x -a).


Looking back, it can be seen that in the first example, the slope was given by the inverse of the t-coefficient in x, but in the second equation, it was given by the t-coefficient in y. How can this be explained?

Click Here to see the answer


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