k is NOT an integer value


What happens when k is j/2?


We have examined many of the possibilities when a, b, and k are integer values. How will the graphs differ when k is not an integer value?


This graph is still a flower, but the petals are different. With fractional k values, our petals now overlap, which was not the case with integer values. Instead of getting k number of petals, we get 2 times the numerator number of petals.

Let's look at some of the other graphs with different k values.


This should remind you and your students of a design produced by a spirograph.


Again this is similar to the graphs a integer k values when a > b. When the numerator is odd, the flower has the same number of petals as the numerator. So this graph has 7 petals and does not meet at the origin, since a > b.


When a < b, we again get 7 large petals. However, we also get 7 small petals that overlap at the intersection of the other petals.




What happens when k is j/3?


If we asked the students to guess how the graphs would change by using k = j/3, they would probably say that the petals would overlap more than they do when k = j/2.

Would they be correct? Let's see with 2 new graphs.


Yes, the students would be correct. The graph with a > b, acts like the graphs of a > b and k as an integer value. The same is true for the a < b. They only differences come from k being a multiple of 1/3.


There is a lot that can be done with polar equations in the classroom. Once students understand the basics of changing a polar equation so that the graph acts like they want, they think that these designs are really neat and it does have mathematical value.

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